Muri iki cyumweru, abashinzwe kuzimya umuriro basabye bwa mbere kwipimisha mu bwigenge PFAS, imiti y’imiti ijyanye na kanseri mu bikoresho, maze basaba ihuriro kureka gutera inkunga abakora imiti n’ibikoresho.
Sean Mitchell, kapiteni w’ishami ry’umuriro wa Nantucket, yakoraga buri munsi imyaka 15.Kwambara iyo koti nini birashobora kumurinda ubushyuhe n'umuriro ku kazi.Ariko umwaka ushize, we hamwe nitsinda rye bahuye nubushakashatsi bubangamiye: imiti yuburozi kubikoresho bikoreshwa mukurinda ubuzima bishobora kubarwara bikomeye.
Kuri iki cyumweru, Kapiteni Mitchell n'abandi bagize ishyirahamwe mpuzamahanga rishinzwe kuzimya umuriro, ishyirahamwe rinini rishinzwe kuzimya umuriro muri Amerika, basabye abayobozi b'amashyirahamwe kugira icyo bakora.Bizera ko bazakora ibizamini byigenga kuri PFAS n’imiti ikoresha, kandi bagasaba ihuriro gukuraho inkunga y’abakora ibikoresho n’inganda zikora imiti.Mu minsi mike iri imbere, biteganijwe ko abahagarariye abahagarariye abanyamuryango barenga 300.000 b’ubumwe bazatora iki cyemezo.
Kapiteni Mitchell yagize ati: "Buri munsi duhura niyi miti."Ati: "Kandi uko niga, niko numva ari njye wenyine ukora iyi miti avuga iyi miti."
Hamwe n’ingaruka z’imihindagurikire y’ikirere, umutekano w’abashinzwe kuzimya umuriro wabaye ikibazo cyihutirwa gukemurwa.Imihindagurikire y’ibihe yongereye ubushyuhe kandi bituma igihugu kigira umuriro ukabije, bigatuma ibyo byifuzo bisabwa.Mu Kwakira, abashinzwe kuzimya umuriro cumi na babiri muri Californiya batanze ikirego barega 3M, Chemours, EI du Pont de Nemours n'abandi bakora inganda.Umwaka ushize, hegitari miliyoni 4.2 zatwitswe muri leta, zivuga ko aya masosiyete yabikoze nkana mu myaka mirongo.No kugurisha ibikoresho byo kurwanya umuriro.Harimo imiti yuburozi itaburiye ku kaga k’imiti.
”Kurwanya umuriro ni umwuga uteje akaga kandi ntidushaka ko abashinzwe kuzimya umuriro bafata umuriro.Bakeneye ubwo burinzi. ”nk'uko byatangajwe na Linda Birnbaum wahoze ari umuyobozi w'ikigo cy'igihugu gishinzwe ubumenyi ku bidukikije.Ati: “Ariko ubu tuzi ko PFAS ishobora gukora, kandi ntabwo izahora ikora.”
Muganga Birnbaum yongeyeho ati: “Imyinshi mu myanya y'ubuhumekero yimuka ikinjira mu kirere, kandi guhumeka biri mu biganza byabo no ku mibiri yabo.”Ati: "Nibatwara urugo gukaraba, bazajyana PFAS murugo.
DuPont yavuze ko “byababajwe” n’abashinzwe kuzimya umuriro bashaka kubuza gutera inkunga, kandi ko kwiyemeza uyu mwuga “bidahungabana.”3M yavuze ko ifite "inshingano" kuri PFAS kandi ikomeje gukorana n’amashyirahamwe.Chemours yanze kugira icyo atangaza.
Ugereranije n'umuriro wica, inyubako zikikijwe n'umwotsi cyangwa ikuzimu mu mashyamba aho abashinzwe kuzimya umuriro barwanira, ingaruka z’imiti mu bikoresho byo kurwanya umuriro zisa naho ari mbi.Ariko mu myaka mirongo itatu ishize, kanseri yabaye intandaro y’impfu z’abashinzwe kuzimya umuriro mu gihugu hose, bangana na 75% by’impfu z’abashinzwe kuzimya umuriro muri 2019.
Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe n'ikigo cy'igihugu gishinzwe umutekano n’ubuzima muri Amerika bwerekanye ko ibyago byo kurwara kanseri y’abashinzwe kuzimya umuriro biri hejuru ya 9% ugereranije n’abaturage basanzwe muri Amerika kandi ibyago byo guhitanwa niyi ndwara bikaba 14%.Inzobere mu by'ubuzima zerekana ko abashinzwe kuzimya umuriro bafite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara kanseri y'intangangore, mesothelioma na lymphoma itari Hodgkin, kandi indwara ntiyagabanutse, nubwo ubu abashinzwe kuzimya umuriro b'Abanyamerika bakoresha imifuka yo mu kirere isa n'ibikoresho byo kwibira kugira ngo birinde umwotsi w’ubumara.
Jim Burneka, ushinzwe kuzimya umuriro i Dayton, muri Leta ya Ohio, yagize ati: “Uru ntabwo ari urupfu ku kazi gakondo.Abashinzwe kuzimya umuriro bagwa hasi cyangwa igisenge kigwa iruhande rwacu. ”Mu Gihugu hose Mugabanye ibyago bya kanseri y'abakozi.“Ubu ni ubwoko bushya bw'urupfu.Biracyari akazi kutwica.Ni uko twakuyemo inkweto tugapfa. ”
Nubwo bigoye gushyiraho isano itaziguye hagati y’imiti na kanseri, cyane cyane ku bantu ku giti cyabo, impuguke mu buzima ziraburira ko imiti y’imiti yongera ibyago bya kanseri ku bashinzwe kuzimya umuriro.Nyirabayazana: ifuro ikoreshwa n'abashinzwe kuzimya umuriro kuzimya umuriro udasanzwe.Ibihugu bimwe byafashe ingamba zo kubuza gukoresha.
Icyakora, ubushakashatsi bwashyizwe ahagaragara umwaka ushize n’abashakashatsi bo muri kaminuza ya Notre Dame bwerekanye ko imyenda irinda abashinzwe kuzimya umuriro irimo imiti myinshi isa n’imiti ikingira amazi.Abashakashatsi basanze iyo miti igwa ku myenda, cyangwa rimwe na rimwe ikimukira mu gice cy'imbere cy'ikoti.
Ibintu bya chimique bivugwa ni mubyiciro byingirakamaro byitwa perfluoroalkyl na polyfluoroalkyl, cyangwa PFAS, biboneka mubicuruzwa bitandukanye, birimo udusanduku twa snack hamwe nibikoresho.PFAS rimwe na rimwe bita "imiti ihoraho" kubera ko itangiritse rwose ku bidukikije bityo ikaba ifitanye isano n'ingaruka zitandukanye z'ubuzima, harimo kanseri, kwangirika kw'umwijima, kugabanuka k'uburumbuke, asima, n'indwara ya tiroyide.
Graham F. Peaslee, umwarimu w’ubushakashatsi bwa fiziki ya kirimbuzi, ubutabire n’ibinyabuzima muri Notre Dame de Paris, ushinzwe ubwo bushakashatsi, yavuze ko n’ubwo bumwe mu buryo bwa PFAS bugenda buvaho, ubundi buryo butaragaragaye ko ari umutekano.
Dr. Peaslee yagize ati: “Iki ni ikintu kinini gishobora guteza ibyago, ariko dushobora gukuraho iyi ngaruka, ariko ntushobora gukuraho ibyago byo kumena inyubako yaka.”Ati: “Kandi ntibabibwiye abashinzwe kuzimya umuriro.Barayambara rero, bazerera hagati yo guhamagara. ”Yavuze.Ati: “Iyo ni yo mibonano y'igihe kirekire, ntabwo ari byiza.”
Doug W. Stern, umuyobozi w’umubano w’itangazamakuru mu ishyirahamwe mpuzamahanga rishinzwe kuzimya umuriro, yavuze ko mu myaka myinshi, ari politiki n’imyitozo ko abanyamuryango bambara ibikoresho byo kurwanya umuriro gusa mu gihe habaye umuriro cyangwa ibyihutirwa.
Ubuyobozi bwa Biden bwatangaje ko buzashyira imbere PFAS.Mu nyandiko ye yo kwiyamamaza, Perezida Biden yasezeranyije ko PFOS ari ibintu bishobora guteza akaga kugira ngo abayikora n’abandi bahumanya bishyure amafaranga y’isuku kandi bashyireho ibipimo by’amazi yo kunywa by’imiti.New York, Maine na Washington bimaze gufata ingamba zo kubuza PFAS gupakira ibiryo, kandi ibindi bibujijwe nabyo biri mu nzira.
Scott Faber, visi perezida mukuru w’ibikorwa bya leta mu itsinda rishinzwe ibidukikije, umuryango udaharanira inyungu ukora isuku y’ibidukikije yagize ati: "Ni ngombwa kuvana PFAS mu bicuruzwa bya buri munsi nk’ibiribwa, amavuta yo kwisiga, imyenda, imyenda."Ati: “Byongeye kandi, ijanisha ry'abashinzwe kuzimya umuriro naryo riri hejuru cyane.”
Lon.Ron Glass, perezida w’ishyirahamwe ry’abakozi bashinzwe kuzimya umuriro muri Orlando, amaze imyaka 25 ashinzwe kuzimya umuriro.Mu mwaka ushize, babiri muri bagenzi be bazize kanseri.Yagize ati: “Igihe nahawe akazi bwa mbere, icya mbere cyateye urupfu ni impanuka y'umuriro ku kazi hanyuma ndwara umutima.”“Ubu byose ni kanseri.”
”Ubwa mbere, abantu bose bashinje ibikoresho bitandukanye cyangwa ifuro yatwitse.Hanyuma, twatangiye kubyiga byimbitse kandi dutangira kwiga ibikoresho byacu bunker. ”Yavuze.Ati: “Uruganda rwabanje kutubwira ko nta kibi kandi nta kibi.Biragaragara ko PFAS itari ku gishishwa cyo hanze gusa, ahubwo no ku ruhu rwacu imbere. ”
Lieutenant Glass na bagenzi be ubu barasaba ishyirahamwe mpuzamahanga rishinzwe kuzimya umuriro (rihagarariye abashinzwe kuzimya umuriro n’inkeragutabara muri Amerika na Kanada) gukora ibindi bizamini.Icyemezo cyabo cyashyikirijwe inama ngarukamwaka y’ubumwe muri iki cyumweru, banasaba kandi ihuriro gukorana n’abakora inganda kugira ngo bateze imbere ubundi buryo bwiza.
Muri icyo gihe, Kapiteni Mitchell arahamagarira ihuriro ry’amashyirahamwe kwanga inkunga izaterwa n’abakora imiti n’ibikoresho.Yizera ko amafaranga yatinze ibikorwa kuri iki kibazo.Inyandiko zerekana ko muri 2018, ihuriro ryabonye amadorari agera ku 200.000 y’amadorari yinjira mu masosiyete arimo uruganda rukora imyenda WL Gore n’uruganda rukora ibikoresho MSA Safety.
Bwana Stern yerekanye ko ihuriro rishyigikira ubushakashatsi ku bumenyi bwa PFAS bugaragaza ibijyanye n’ibikoresho byo kuzimya umuriro kandi ko bufatanya n’abashakashatsi ku bushakashatsi butatu bw’ingenzi, bumwe bujyanye na PFAS mu maraso y’abashinzwe kuzimya umuriro, n’undi wiga ivumbi riva mu ishami ry’umuriro kugira ngo hamenyekane ibirimo PFAS, kandi ikizamini cya gatatu cyibikoresho byo kurwanya umuriro PFAS.Yavuze ko ihuriro kandi rishyigikira abandi bashakashatsi basaba inkunga yo kwiga ibibazo bya PFAS.
WL Gore yavuze ko ikomeje kwigirira icyizere umutekano w’ibicuruzwa byayo.Umutekano wa MSA ntabwo wasubije icyifuzo cyo gutanga ibisobanuro.
Indi mbogamizi ni uko abayikora bafite umwanya wingenzi mu ishyirahamwe ry’igihugu rishinzwe kurinda umuriro, rigenzura ibipimo by’umuriro.Kurugero, kimwe cya kabiri cyabagize komite ishinzwe kugenzura ibipimo byimyenda ikingira nibikoresho bikomoka mu nganda.Umuvugizi w’iryo shyirahamwe yavuze ko izo komite zihagarariye “impirimbanyi z’inyungu, harimo n’ishami ry’umuriro.”
Umugabo wa Diane Cotter, Paul, ushinzwe kuzimya umuriro i Worcester, muri Massachusetts, mu myaka irindwi ishize yabwiwe ko arwaye kanseri.Ni umwe mu ba mbere bagaragaje impungenge kuri PFAS.Nyuma y’imyaka 27 akora, umugabo we yazamuwe kuba liyetona muri Nzeri 2014. Madamu Kotter yagize ati: "Ariko mu Kwakira, umwuga we warangiye."Basanze arwaye kanseri.Kandi sinshobora kukubwira uburyo bitangaje.“
Yavuze ko abashinzwe kuzimya umuriro mu Burayi batagikoresha PFAS, ariko igihe yatangiraga kwandika inganda muri Amerika, “nta gisubizo.”Yavuze ko ibikorwa byakozwe n’ubumwe ari ngombwa, nubwo byatinze umugabo we.Madamu Kurt yagize ati: “Ikigoye cyane ni uko adashobora gusubira ku kazi.”
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gashyantare-04-2021